• Non-melanoma skin cancer is a common type of cancer that starts in the top layer of skin.
• The main types are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
• Non-melanoma skin cancer can often be easily treated.
• The main cause is ultraviolet light, which comes from the sun and is used in sunbeds.
• Things that increase your chances of getting non-melanoma skin cancer include your age, having pale skin and having had skin cancer in the past.
• It’s possible to reduce your risk of skin cancer by being careful in the sun – for example, by using sunscreen and reapplying it regularly.

Symptoms of NMSC

The main symptom of non-melanoma skin cancer is a growth or unusual patch on the skin. This can appear as a new spot on the skin, or a change in the size, shape, or color of an existing mole or other skin lesion. It’s important to regularly check your skin for any changes or abnormalities, and to consult a healthcare professional if you notice anything unusual. Early detection and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer can significantly improve outcomes, so staying vigilant about changes in the skin is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.

When it comes to sun exposure, certain areas are particularly susceptible to developing skin cancer due to prolonged UV exposure. These areas include the face, neck, ears, scalp, lips, chest, arms, hands, and legs. It’s essential to be mindful of sun protection and regularly check these areas for any changes or abnormalities, as early detection is crucial for successful treatment.

Any part of your skin can be affected, but it’s most common in areas exposed to the sun, such as the:

• head, face and ears
• neck and shoulders
• back
• hands
• lower legs

The statement “The growths or patches can vary in colour, size and texture” highlights the diverse nature of these developments. This diversity can encompass a wide spectrum of colors, encompassing subtle hues to vibrant tones, which may convey important information about the nature of the growths or patches. Additionally, the variability in size and texture further emphasizes the complex and multifaceted nature of these formations, suggesting that they can manifest in a range of dimensions and tactile qualities. Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate identification and assessment of any such growths or patches.

Causes of NMSC

The impact of ultraviolet (UV) light on our skin cannot be overstated. This type of light stands out as the most prevalent cause of non-melanoma skin cancer, making it a significant concern for public health. Interestingly, UV light can be traced back to two principal sources: the sun and sunbeds. Given its widespread presence, it’s crucial for individuals to understand the potential risks associated with UV light exposure and take appropriate precautions to protect their skin.

Non-melanoma skin cancer is indeed more commonly found in older individuals, as they have had more cumulative exposure to the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays over the course of their lives. However, it’s important to note that younger people are not immune to the risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer. In fact, with the increase in outdoor activities, recreational sun exposure, and the use of tanning beds among younger generations, the incidence of skin cancer in this demographic has seen a concerning rise. Therefore, regardless of age, it is crucial for everyone to be diligent about sun protection and to regularly monitor their skin for any changes that may warrant medical attention.

You’re also more likely to get non-melanoma skin cancer if you have a history of receiving radiation treatment, have a weakened immune system, have been exposed to certain substances, such as arsenic, industrial tar, coal, paraffin, and certain types of oil, or have a rare genetic condition called basal cell nevus syndrome, also known as Gorlin-Goltz syndrome. Additionally, those with a history of sunburns during childhood and adolescence or those with a personal or family history of skin cancers are also at an increased risk. Regular exposure to the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays without protection can also contribute to the development of non-melanoma skin cancer. Other factors include:-

• pale skin that burns easily in the sun
• red or fair hair
• blue or green eyes
• a large number of freckles or moles
• had a lot of sun exposure and you’ve had sunburn a lot in the past
• used sunbeds a lot
• a history of skin cancer in your family or you’ve had skin cancer before

Therefore, it’s crucial to take preventative measures, such as wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and seeking shade during peak sun hours to minimize the risk. Do not forget the Slip, Slop , Slap, Seek and Slide mantra!

If you have brown or black skin, you have a lower chance of getting non-melanoma skin cancer, but you can still get it. This lower risk is due to the higher amount of melanin in darker skin, providing some natural protection against UV radiation. However, it’s important to note that this doesn’t make individuals immune to the risk of developing skin cancer. Regardless of skin color, it’s crucial to practice sun safety by wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and seeking shade, as well as being mindful of any changes on the skin and seeking professional medical advice if any concerns arise. Regular skin checks and sun protection are essential for everyone, regardless of skin color.

What’s Next

If you are referred to a specialist because they suspect you could be dealing with non-melanoma skin cancer, it’s crucial to undergo a series of tests to accurately diagnose the condition. These diagnostic procedures are essential in determining the presence of cancerous cells and the extent of the disease, aiding in the development of an effective treatment plan. Therefore, it is imperative to promptly follow through with the recommended tests as they play a pivotal role in your ongoing health and well-being.

The process of skin examination by a specialist involves carefully inspecting the skin for any irregularities and changes. This inspection may include using a magnifying device to closely examine the skin’s texture and color. Additionally, the specialist will take the time to inquire about any changes that the individual may have noticed in their skin. This thorough approach ensures that any potential issues or developments are properly identified and addressed.

The specialist may also recommend having a small area of affected skin cut out so it can be sent to a lab and checked for cancer. This is known as an excision biopsy. This procedure is often used when the doctor suspects that the abnormal area may be cancerous or if it’s important to get a more detailed analysis of the affected skin. During the excision biopsy, the doctor will carefully remove the area of concern and the surrounding tissue, and then send it to a laboratory for thorough examination. It’s an important step in accurately diagnosing and treating any potential skin cancer, as the detailed analysis can provide valuable information for designing the most effective treatment plan tailored to the specific characteristics of the cancerous cells. If you have any concerns about this procedure, don’t hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider.

The experience of receiving a diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer can be incredibly overwhelming. Many individuals find themselves grappling with a range of emotions, including anxiety about what the future holds. It’s natural to feel a sense of uncertainty and concern when faced with a significant health issue. Acknowledging these feelings and seeking support from loved ones and healthcare professionals can be an essential part of navigating this challenging period. Additionally, taking proactive steps to educate oneself about the condition and treatment options can help empower individuals to make informed decisions about their care. Remember that while the news of a diagnosis can be daunting, there are effective treatments available and a supportive network ready to assist throughout the journey.

The clinical nurse specialist assigned to your team will play a pivotal role in ensuring comprehensive care and support throughout your treatment journey and beyond. As your primary point of contact, they will leverage their advanced education and clinical expertise to oversee and coordinate various aspects of your care plan. From providing valuable insights and guidance to collaborating with other healthcare professionals, their focus will be on optimizing the quality of care you receive. With their specialized knowledge, they can address specific concerns, offer tailored recommendations, and serve as a reliable resource for you and your loved ones. Rest assured, your clinical nurse specialist is dedicated to advocating for your well-being and ensuring that you are well-informed and empowered every step of the way.

There are some things you can do to help prevent getting skin cancer when you’re outdoors.

How can we help prevent NMSC

Do

• stay out of the sun during the hottest part of the day (11am to 3pm in the UK)
• keep your arms and legs covered, and wear a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses that provide protection against ultraviolet (UV) rays
• use sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30 and at least 4-star UVA protection – make sure you reapply it regularly
• make sure babies and children are protected from the sun – their skin is much more sensitive than adult skin